They have eight eyes arranged in three rows. The many genera of wolf spiders range in body size (legs not included) from less than 10 to 35 mm (0.4 to 1.38 in). This can also help distinguish them from the similar-looking grass spiders. Two of the wolf spider's eight eyes are large and prominent this distinguishes them from nursery web spiders, whose eyes are all of roughly equal size. Wolf spiders resemble nursery web spiders (family Pisauridae), but wolf spiders carry their egg sacs by attaching them to their spinnerets, while the Pisauridae carry their egg sacs with their chelicerae and pedipalps. Some are opportunistic hunters, pouncing upon prey as they find it or chasing it over short distances others wait for passing prey in or near the mouth of a burrow. They live mostly in solitude, hunt alone, and usually do not spin webs. They are robust and agile hunters with excellent eyesight. "Verified spider bites in Oregon (USA) with the intent to assess hobo spider venom toxicity." Toxicon 84: 51–55.Wolf spiders are members of the family Lycosidae (from Ancient Greek λύκος ( lúkos) 'wolf'). "Localized Pruritic Rash Due to Recurrent Spider Bites." J. "The Spider Genus Latrodectus (Araneae, Theridiidae)." Trans. "Effects of envenoming by comb-footed spiders of the genera Steatoda and Achaearanea (Family Theridiidae: Araneae) in Australia." J. Spiders of the Eastern United States: A Photographic Guide. "The spider genus Loxosceles in North America, Central America, and the West Indies (Araneae, Loxoscelidae)." Bul Amer Mus. The American Arachnological Society Committee on Common Names of Arachnids. The Black Widow and Five Other Venomous Spiders in the United States. No serious medical consequences of these bites have been noted. Symptoms generally subside within 24 hours. Typical reactions include initial pain and redness with the potential for some localized swelling. Wolf spiders will bite if mishandled or trapped next to the skin. It is common to find the females carrying their young spiderlings on their backs during the summer months. The females may live for several years beyond the year in which they reach maturity. They too will overwinter in protected sites and complete their growth the following spring and summer. The spiderlings hatch in June and July and will attain only half of their full size by the following winter. The fertilized females overwinter in protected locations, including human-made structures, and produce egg cocoons the following May or June. Mating occurs in the autumn, and the males die before the onset of winter. They are hunting spiders and only come out of hiding during the night to look for prey. These spiders build retreats (holes or tunnels) in the soil under and between boards, stones, and firewood under siding and in similar protected areas. Life Historyīoth of these spiders are found in similar habitats and have similar habits. The males are much lighter in color than the females, and only their third and fourth pairs of legs are banded with a lighter color. The legs are banded with a lighter brown color at the joints. carolinensis in body color but have a distinct narrow line of yellow hairs on the carapace in the vicinity of the eyes. Tigrosa aspersa females are 18 to 25 millimeters in length, and the males are 16 to 18 millimeters. The abdomen is similarly colored, with a somewhat darker dorsal stripe. The carapace is a dark brown with scattered gray hairs that are typically not arranged in any discernible pattern. Hogna carolinensis females are 22 to 35 millimeters in length, and the males are 18 to 20 millimeters. Tigrosa female carrying young spiderlings. aspersa, are among the largest and most commonly encountered in Pennsylvania homes. The genera Hogna and Tigrosa contain nineteen and five species, respectively, including some of the biggest wolf spiders in our area. This group contains approximately 240 species in twenty-one genera in the United States.
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